The ovaries and miscarriages

Polycystic ovary syndrom (PCOS)

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) also known as polycystic ovaries, Sclerocystic Ovarian Disease, Stein-Leventhal Syndrome, Chronic Anovulatory Syndrome and Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD). It is the most common female endocrine (hormonal) disorder and is characterized by multiple abnormal ovarian cysts.  One of the major biochemical features of polycystic ovary syndrome is insulin resistance accompanied by compensatory hyperinsulinemia (elevated fasting blood insulin levels). There is increasing data that hyperinsulinemia produces the hyperandrogenism of polycystic ovary syndrome by increasing ovarian androgen production, particularly testosterone and by decreasing the serum sex hormone binding globulin concentration. The high levels of androgenic hormones interfere with the pituitary ovarian axis, leading to increased LH levels, anovulation, amenorrhea, recurrent pregnancy loss, and infertility. Hyperinsulinemia has also been associated high blood pressure and increased clot formation and appears to be a major risk factor for the development of heart disease, stroke and type II diabetes。An estimated 5-10% of women of childbearing age are affected by polycystic ovary syndrom and it is one of the leading causes of infertility.

Symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrom

Amenorrhea (cessation of period) or infrequent periods
Irregular bleeding
Infrequent or no ovulation
Cysts on ovaries
Increased levels of male hormone, like testosterone
Infertility
Chronic pelvic pain for six months or more
Increase in weight or obesity (most women with polycystic ovary syndrom are overweight)
Diabetes; over production and inefficient use of insulin by the body
Lipid abnormalities (high or low cholesterol, high triglycerides)
High blood pressure
Excess facial and body hair growth
 Male-pattern baldness or thinning hair
Acne, oily skin, or dandruff
Dark-colored patches of thick skin on neck, groin, underarms or skin folds
Skin tags in the armpits or neck

Treatment for PCOS

Ovarian drilling, done during laparoscopy, is a procedure in which a laser fibre or electrosurgical needle punctures the ovary 4 to 10 times. This treatment results in a dramatic lowering of male hormones within days and is often performed in women who have polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Studies have shown that up to 80 percent of patients will benefit from such treatment.
Although getting pregnant can be problematical for women with polycystic ovary syndrom, many have found it easier to get pregnant than other infertility, and  ovarian drilling can restore normal ovulation for periods up to six months. 90% will conceive following ovarian drilling although some women may form adhesions following surgery.

Before perform ovarian drilling, physicians will consider this operation after making sure you do not have other condition such as uterus septum, endometrial polyps which may cause miscarriage.